Horses are magnificent creatures that have played a significant role in human history. These animals are not only a symbol of power and grace, but they are also loyal companions and devoted athletes. However, even the strongest of horses can fall prey to the smallest of foes. In this article, we will discuss how opossums, often considered harmless creatures, pose a considerable danger to horses. The primary threat is the transmission of a disease known as Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM), which can have severe consequences for affected horses.
The Role of Opossums
Opossums, or possums, are marsupials native to North and Central America. These nocturnal animals are often seen as a nuisance to homeowners and gardeners due to their scavenging habits. However, the danger they pose to horses is far more severe than mere annoyance.
Opossums are the primary carriers of the protozoan parasite, Sarcocystis neurona, which causes EPM in horses. They become infected by consuming infected tissue from intermediate hosts like birds, rodents, and other small mammals. Once infected, opossums shed the parasite’s sporocysts in their feces, which can contaminate a horse’s food or water source.
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)
EPM is a debilitating neurological disease that affects horses of all ages and breeds. Once infected, the protozoa enter the horse’s central nervous system, causing inflammation and damage to the brain and spinal cord. The severity of the symptoms depends on the location and extent of the damage.
Common signs of EPM include:
- Ataxia, or uncoordinated and unsteady movement
- Muscle weakness or wasting
- Difficulty standing or maintaining balance
- Paralysis or partial paralysis of facial muscles or limbs
- Seizures or other abnormal behaviors
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing EPM can be challenging due to the wide range of symptoms and their similarity to other neurological disorders. Veterinarians typically use a combination of clinical signs, blood tests, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis to make a diagnosis.
Treatment for EPM typically involves a combination of anti-protozoal medications and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation and control the infection. Early detection and intervention are critical for a successful outcome, as permanent damage to the nervous system may occur if left untreated.
Prevention and Opossum Control
The key to protecting horses from EPM lies in minimizing their exposure to opossums and their feces. Here are some practical steps horse owners can take to reduce the risk of EPM:
- Store feed and hay in secure, sealed containers, and avoid feeding on the ground.
- Regularly clean and sanitize water troughs, and use secure lids to prevent contamination.
- Implement wildlife control measures to reduce the population of opossums and other intermediate hosts on your property.
- Routinely inspect your property for signs of opossum activity and remove any potential food sources or hiding places.
- Give RF Wildlife a call a Regular Trapping program to reduce opossum population is the easiest way to protect horses from EPM.
Opossum the most dangerous least dangerous wild animal on the farm.
Opossums, often seen as harmless creatures, can pose a significant danger to horses through the transmission of EPM. Early detection and treatment are crucial in managing this debilitating disease. By implementing proper preventive measures and being vigilant about horse care, horse owners can minimize the risk of EPM and ensure the well-being of their beloved equine companions.
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